Step-by-Step Guide to Becoming a U.S. Citizen
The information on this page is provided as educational material and is not legal advice.
Becoming a U.S. citizen is a powerful step toward securing your future, expanding opportunities, and strengthening your rights. Follow these steps to navigate the naturalization process successfully.
Step 1:
Find Out If You Qualify
Before you begin your application, determine if you meet the requirements for U.S. citizenship.
Eligibility Factors:
- Are you at least 18 years old?
- Do you meet the English and civics knowledge requirements?
- Have you had a green card (lawful permanent residence) for the required time?
Use this citizenship prescreening tool to check your eligibility and learn more about exceptions or special considerations.
Step 2:
File Your Application
To apply for naturalization, you must complete the application form, gather supporting documents, and submit the required fee.
How to Apply:
- Complete Form N-400 online or by mail. You can use your Citizenship-works account to fill it out for free, link below.
- Gather your documents using our checklist to ensure you include everything required. Make copies of all your forms and supporting documents before submitting.
- Pay the application fee and mail your packet to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
- For most people submitting their paper form by mail, the fee is now $760.
- You may ask USCIS for a full or reduced fee waiver. If USCIS approves your: full fee waiver (Form I-912), you pay $0. reduced fee waiver (included in the Form N-400), you pay $380. Use this Fee Calculator from the New Americans Campaign to see if you qualify for a full or reduced fee waiver.
- Applicants can also file online with USCIS and pay $710. To file online, applicants must create an account and complete their form on the USCIS website.
- If you need legal assistance, we can connect you with trusted nonprofit immigration law experts.
Step 3:
Attend Your Biometrics Appointment
After filing, USCIS will schedule an appointment to collect your fingerprints, photo, and signature.
What to Expect:
- You will receive a Form I-797C, Notice of Action, with your appointment details.
- The appointment will take place at a USCIS Application Support Center near you.
- Bring your green card and Form I-797C to the appointment.
This step is essential for background checks before your interview.
Step 4:
Prepare for Your Naturalization Interview & Test
During your interview, a USCIS officer will:
- Ask about your background, residency, and how you obtained your green card.
- Review your application and confirm your information.
- Administer the U.S. history and government test and an English proficiency test (unless exempt).
Citizenship Test Requirements:
- Answer civics questions about U.S. history and government.
- Demonstrate basic English skills (reading, writing, and speaking).
- Some applicants qualify for exemptions or accommodations.
Step 5:
Take the Oath of Allegiance
The final step is to attend a naturalization ceremony where you will take the Oath of Allegiance to officially become a U.S. citizen.
What Happens at the Ceremony:
- You will receive a certificate of naturalization.
- You will take an oath to uphold the U.S. Constitution and laws.
- You will officially be recognized as a U.S. citizen with full rights and responsibilities.
- Congratulations! You are now a U.S. citizen.